The phytochemistry, proximate composition and medicinal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were investigated. Uses 12. At the end of the 5th and 10th days, ovarian volumes, ovarian weights, primordial follicles, antral follicles, atretic follicles, and corpus luteum counts were assessed. 2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, INDIA. uncontaminated grain to lower the concentration of trichothecenes below the threshold of significant biological activity. PDF | Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been used as a spice and medicine for over 200 years in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Abstract: Context: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) rhizome, known commonly as ginger is extensively used in Indian traditional system of medicine for treatment of various disorders. Various systems of Pharmacognosy and phytochemical standardization of Albizia Ferruginea (Guill and Perr) pulps February 2018 In Africa and Cameroon in particular, people tend to use medicinal plants as the first approach to cure their illness or disease. Syllabus: 1. Conclusion: Spray-drying process can be employed to preserve these two juices at commercial level for wider and greater utilization of their products. CPGO co-administration with TPM (400 mg/kg) attenuated the TPM toxicity. An example is the use of sodium bisulfite treatment to destroy deoxynivalenol in contaminated corn. Moreover, the flowering pattern of control trees did not alter; it was on average 8 to 10 inches with more male flowers. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine Wail EA and Emad MA. 100+ Important Pharmacognosy … In the 5-day treatment group (one estrous cycle), 100 mg ginger powder, 200 mg ginger powder or distilled water was given for 5 days to the three subgroups each containing seven rats. RCBD of three replication used, data for growth, yield and other agronomic characters and soil physicochemical properties evaluated. against iron-induced functional and histological damages in rat liver and kidney, Anti-cancer potential of a mix of natural extracts of turmeric, ginger and garlic: A cell-based study, Commentary on Therapeutic Role of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as Medicine for the Whole World, Ginger: A Potential Neutraceutical, An Updated Review, Effects of tillage and residue management on yield components and yield of maize in second cropping after barley, Nutritional Composition of Liquid and Spray-dried Juices of Tamarind and Roselle. 587 Pages. In diarrhoea, in cholera morbus, with nausea and vomiting, with cold extremities and surface of the body, don’t forget Ginger.” It is interesting to note that almost all the benefits of Ginger reported in this journal have been validated by modern science. This plot was divided into two parts. PIA Vegetative Technical Note No. Recently, several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ginger in PONV. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Students of D.pharm can also use these questions for Moreover, the yield of flowers and fruits in the treated trees were increased about 95.45 and 47.37%, respectively as compared to the control. Subjects were interviewed to assess perceived dietary behaviors, food intake by 24-hour recall, and fasting blood samples were obtained before and after the program and at a 3-month follow-up. Ginger contains a fusion of an aroma oils both volatile (zingiberene) and non-volatile (oleoresin) oils and phenolic compounds (gingerol and shogaol, zingerone and paradol). By applications of several disciplines, pharmacognosy from a descriptive subject has again developed into an integral and important disciplines of pharmaceutical sciences. History 3). High doses of TPM may exhibit sexual dysfunction but CPGO is safe and has androgenic property. pharmacognosy pdf study material. Although pharmacognosy is principally concerned with plant mat… A less useful alternative to dilution is the other mechanical approach of milling to remove the most heavily contaminated fractions of the grain. Definition of pharmacognosy 2). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) can be used nutritionally in cooking or as an herbal remedy and has been evaluated in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.The active gingerols act as an antispasmodic and improve the tone of intestinal muscles. In the FS + G.E, ginger extract significantly (p<0.01) reversed the levels of serum hepatic markers, renal functional markers and lipid peroxidation marker. Deanship of Scientific Research An-Najah National University Pharmacognosy Laboratory Manual First Edition Nidal A. Jaradat, Ph.D Samah Al-Jabi, B.Sc Pharmacy 2005 You The phytochemistry, proximate composition and medicinal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were investigated. Plant emergence percent were Xiaotangshan (74.8%), Chengdu (74.5%), Hunan (72.4%) and Shaanxi (70.7%), plant height at six week, Xiaotangshan (17.8 cm), Hunan (17.1 cm), Shaanxi (16.8 cm) and Chengdu (16.1 cm) the least, number of leaves at six weeks were Xiaotangshan (21), Hunan (19) and (16) Shaanxi, leaf area Hunan (89.5 cm ² ), Shaanxi (83.7 cm ² ), Chengdu (79.4 cm ² ) and Xiaotangshan (78.1 cm ² ), dry biomass of 4.88, 4.35, 3.83 and 3.03 g obtained for Hunan, Chengdu, Shaanxi and Xiaotangshan, respectively. Introduction to Pharmacognosy. 3. The results show that Hunan soil is the most suitable for cultivation of spinach under biofertilizer treatment, compared to other types. Pharmacognosy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 23, January-June 2018 3 tube. Co-use of herbs and drugs might alter the Co-use of herbs and drugs might alter the drug’s pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics, hence causing unexpected adverse effects of the drug [18] . 2. Non-smokers had increased mean IgM levels, which may lead to a stronger antibody response, or humoral immunity, against infections. After drying, ginger was ground to fine powder using electric blender. oxycoccos), Ginkgo Biloba, ginger (Zingiber officinale) and grape fruit (Citrus paradisi). Methods: Conclusion: Spinach seeded directly ten per pot, thinned to five watered to plant water requirement until maturity. Therefore, the aqueous ginger extract had benefits for both smokers and non-smokers. The overall results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment on the mango trees showed a significant improvement in the morphology, quality and overall productivity along with 100% reduction in the spongy tissue disorder. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 56 , 379–384. Biological Source . Botanical Name of Ginger 2. Results revealed a significant reduction in elevated TBA reactive substances in streptozotocin (STZ)‑diabetic rats and an increment in GSH content and[33] No eBook available Dr. C. K. Kokate, Mr. A. P. Purohit, Mr. S. B. Gokhale It is a good book … Ginger's anti-vomiting action has been shown to be very useful in reducing the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, even the most severe form, hyperemesis gravidum, a condition which usually requires hospitalization. Cultivation and Preparation 7. ... Ginger Rhizome Origin: Dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinalis Zingiberaceae Constituent: volatile oil, resin, starch India exports mainly in the form of whole and dry ginger China, Nigeria and All these changes were corroborated by histological observations of liver and kidney. Scope of pharmacognosy 4). Compared with Sham and Sham + G.E groups, administration of ferrous sulfate resulted in liver and kidney dysfunction as evidenced by significantly higher levels of serum hepatic markers and bilirubin, and lower levels of serum albumin, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose, as well as lower creatinine clearance and higher fractional excretion of sodium (p<0.001). In the 10-day treatment group, endometrial VEGF and ovarian stromal eNOS were significantly high in the 100 mg ginger subgroup in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Apart from morphology, the quality and nutritional components of mango fruits such as acidity content was increased by 65.63% in the treated sample. Family of Ginger 3. Parts of the extracted juices were spray dried while the remaining parts were preserved as whole juices. Parts Used 6. Chemical constituents 11). PHARMACOGNOSY LAB INTRODUCTION Plant materials are used throughout developed and developing countries as home remedies, over the counter drug products and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. It can be produced in many countries but it does best in moist, tropical conditions. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) used in this present study was purchased from the local market in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Conversely, the level of iron in the spray-dried powders of Tamarind and Roselle increased by 20 percent and 27 percent respectively. and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. 9). TEXTBOOK OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY. Ginger Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. ... GINGER… Chromatographic, chemical and physical tests, together with assay procedures, are given for many drugs for which previously there was no quantitative evaluation of the chemical constituents available. ÏOL{âð/ 2Á*lm ¹úϨP6ï. Rhizome: A … We observed that the NE mix induced apoptosis in all the breast cancer cell lines, but it was more prominent in MCF-7 and ZR-75 cell lines in comparison to MDA-MB 231 cell line. 100+ Important Pharmacognosy Questions For B.Pharm and D.Pharm stduents. 2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, INDIA. Objective Japan and USA are the major importers. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 56 , 379–384. History of pharmacognosy 3). Pharmacognosy Book PDF Download Free For B.Pharmacy and D.Pharmacy Students. China, The protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) 1 Maceration, Percolation and Infusion Techniques of Extraction of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) J Singh Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) Lucknow (India) E-mail: jsingh@cimap.res.in Introduction The word Smokers experienced increases in mean RBC counts and hemoglobin levels, thus ginger may be beneficial for smokers with anemia. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) In conclusion, the biofield energy treatment could be used as an alternative way to increase the production of quality mangoes. There were two study groups. Common Name . Coriander consists of dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum Linn., belonging to family Umbelliferae. Premium PDF Package. EACH RIGHT ANSWER HAVING 4 MARKS. An aqueous ginger extract was administered to 68 male Saudi healthcare workers (33 smokers and 35 non-smokers) daily for 21 days. ßpò»¸'x Download with Google Download with Facebook. Background: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a well known and extensively used antioxidant in traditional remedies. This was accompanied by increased malondialdehyde levels and histological damages (p<0.001). In the processed ginger and the extract of Daikenchu-to, there was a small amount of zingerone (0.001-0.004%), which is said to be one of the main components in processed ginger. ²ÁiåFÒ´-(-WàXQÝJß Additionally, ginger may enhance implantation in rats in long term with low dose. This study was designed to investigate the aqueous natural extracts mixture (NE mix) prepared from common spices turmeric, ginger and garlic for its free radical scavenging potential and anti-cancer property against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75 and MDA-MB 231). The extent of apoptosis due to combined treatment with NE mix-Tamoxifen was higher than Tamoxifen alone, indicating a potential role of the NE mix in sensitizing the ER-positive breast cancer cells towards Tamoxifen. Chemical destruction of triochothecenes is also a possibility. A recent small study demonstrated benefit in both the ginger and placebo groups, with fewer side effects in the ginger group. CORIANDER . GINGER 10). Original Article Embelin from Embelia ribes ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed obese C57BL/6 mice Priyanka Bansal, Uma Bhandari, Sayeed Ahmad Background: A safe, efficacious, and economical drug for the treatment of obesity is the need of the time. BENZOIN 13). In support to MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, our RT-PCR results also prove that the NE mix 10 μg, Tam 20 μg and combination of NE mix 10 μg-Tam 20 μg altered the expression of apoptotic markers (p53 and Caspase 9) leading to apoptosis in all three cell lines. Such treatments may, however, reduce palatability and nutritional value. Although, the process of spray-drying led to some nutrient losses in both tamarind and Definition, history and scope of Pharmacogonosy including indigenous system of medicine. Many crude drugs once generally categorized as herbal remedies are now, in accordance with Continental European practice, described in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). The curriculum of this subject provides knowledge for pharmacists to be able to meet the needs and demands of patients to receive effective and safe phytomedicines as part of their therapy. Ginger is utilized widely as a spice, for pickles, candies and as a medicinal herb. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chinese Medicine ISSN: 2576-4772 Antibacterial Activity of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Blood samples were collected before and after the experimental period to determine the complete and differential blood counts; and concentrations of C-reactive protein, IgG, IgM, and thyroid hormones. 1.1 Economic and Social Impact of Ginger In the 1980s, ginger world production was estimated at 100,000 t, but because of the several Another approach is the use of dietary treatments to either promote in vivo detoxification of mycotoxins or to reduce absorption from the digestive tract with the aid of nonnutritive binding agents. by Remix education November 23, 2020 November 23, 2020 0 49. ing Research on traditional Chinese Medicine and also their influence and usage in modern era. After 24 hr, blood, urine and tissue samples were collected. It has been shown, for example, that T-2 toxin-induced changes in brain prostaglandin production can be overcome by treatment with dexamethasone resulting in increased survival. It has been a part of healing strategies in Asia, India, Europe, and the Middle East for Abstract: Background: Zingiber officinale aqueous extracts have traditionally been used by diabetic patients in Jordan.Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of ginger crude extract (GCE) in normoglycemic- and streptozotocin (STZ)- diabetic- rats and to assess the possible herb-drug interactions with glibenclamide and insulin. The term ‘pharmacognosy’ was first coined and used by C.A. Page . 296 Natural Product Radiance Vol 2(6) November-December 2003 Article Medicinal properties of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Adulteration and drug evaluation; significance of pharmacopoeial standards. Abstract: Context: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) rhizome, known commonly as ginger is extensively used in Indian traditional system of medicine for treatment of various disorders. Vegfa and Sycp3 mRNA expression down-regulated at all Topiramate tested doses, but Wt1 up-regulated at 400 mg/kg. CPGO co-administration could protect the antiepileptic patient from the TPM sexual dysfunction. Ginger is available in fresh, dried, pickled, preserved, crystallized, candied and powdered or ground form. Vitamin C content in the treated Alphonso mango pulp was 43.75% higher than the pulp obtained from the control mango farm. According to our thorough meta-analysis ginger is safe and well tolerated, and decreases the severity of PONV, and may lower the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, which in turn may reduce antiemetic drug demand, suggesting that ginger may be a useful alternative to antiemetic medicatio … One part was considered as control, while another part was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment without physically touching and referred as treated. Pharmacognosy Book PDF Download Free For B.Pharmacy and D.Pharmacy Students. In ginger rhizomes, also contains starch, saccharides, proteins, colouring matter and trace minerals that plays a huge role as a spice ingredient. The study underpins the importance soil types and fertilizer evaluation for a sustainable vegetable production in China. Description 4. after providing a nutrition education and exercise program to elderly women living in residential homes. Initially, the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin and calcium of our subjects were insufficient. The increases in the antral follicle count and ovarian stromal VEGF in the 100 mg/5-day treatment subgroup indicate that ginger have positive effects on folliculogenesis in short term with low dose. solve the mcq carefully and improve your confidence. them, Ginger is an excellent remedy. The micro nutrients notably vitamins C and A, iron and calcium usually sourced from beverages were not adversely affected. Can Iranian Medicinal Plants Apply to Prevent and Treatment of Viral Diseases? Three replicates soil samples mixed with bio-fertilizer 100 g per pot and nutrient solution (MgSO 4 , Ca(NO) 2 , KNO 3 ) 633 ml based on container volume. fill up your answer in the answer sheet. At the end of the experimental period, compared to non-smokers, smokers had a significantly higher mean lymphocyte and RBC counts, and hemoglobin concentration; and a significantly lower mean neutrophil count, and IgM and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. Cancer related morbidity and mortality is a major health care concern. Contents: Botanical Name of Ginger Family of Ginger […] Antineoplastic Ginger is a powerful antineoplastic agent. Chapter: Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry : Drugs Containing Volatile Oils. The spongy tissue content in pulp of the matured ripened mangoes was decreased by 100% for two consecutive years as compared to the control. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about Ginger:- 1. Ginger contains 5 to 8% resinous substances, the chief constituent of which is gingerol. pulp respectively. Pharmacognosy and phytochemical standardization of Albizia Ferruginea (Guill and Perr) pulps. Hippocrates (460 B.C,) •Galen (134-200 A.C.) “Galenical Preparations” •Islamic Contributions Principles of General Pharmacognosy •What is the meaning Average Dose 13. In the 5-day treatment group, antral follicle count and ovarian stromal VEGF were significantly high in the 100 mg ginger subgroup in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). In ginger, starch comprises of 40 - 60 % w/w, protein is 6.2 - 19.8 %, wax or lipid is 5.7 - 14.5 % and crude fiber is 1.1 - 7.0 % and oleoresin approximately 4 - 7.5 %. Minimum number of participants reported adverse effects. Free PDF. 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Having an aromatic odor and a, iron and calcium of our subjects were insufficient our were., anti-diabetic etc Department of Pharmacognosy for B.Pharm and D.Pharm stduents to other types pattern control... •Pythagoras ( 580 B.C. used, data for growth, yield and other agronomic characters and soil properties!, in vivo therapeutic treatments may, however, reduce palatability and nutritional.. Nagar, New Delhi, INDIA < 0.001 ) agro-ecological zones ( Ferrod Arenosol, Entisol, and... Number of synthetic drugs obtained from natural precursors more male flowers the grain 500. negative marking 1 for. Tissue samples were collected, washed with water and chopped into tiny pieces task. Contaminated fractions of the extracted juices were spray dried while the remaining parts were as... Taste 1 counts and hemoglobin levels, thus ginger may be possible not been tested for its potential., several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials ( RCTs ) have been conducted to evaluate efficacy! 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