The aim of this chapter is to give a comprehensive review of the structure and function of this model mammalian promoter. After more than a decade of research, Scripps Research Institute scientists have pieced together the structure of a human adenovirus—the largest complex ever determined at atomic resolution. 1985 Mar; 4 (3):707–713. Leave a Comment / Microbiology / By admin. Review Adenoviruses: update on structure and function W. C. Russell Correspondence W. C. Russell wcr@st-andrews.ac.uk School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK Adenoviruses have been studied intensively for over 50 years as models of virus–cell interactions and latterly as gene vectors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens causing a variety of respiratory, ocular and gastrointestinal diseases. [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 11. Both proteins are trimers with head‐and‐tail morphology. This article will briefly summarize the basic replication strategy of adenoviruses and the key proteins involved and will deal with the new developments since 2006. Next Article Monoclonal antibodies as probes for differentiation and tumor-associated antigens: a Forssman specificity on teratocarcinoma stem cells. Crossref. These motifs contain residues critical for catalysis whose mutation severely reduces polymerase activity Polesky et al., 1990, Polesky et al., 1992, Delarue et al., 1990). Ma Y, Mathews MB (1993) Comparative analysis of the structure and function of,adenovirus virus-associated RNAs. Liu H, Jin L, Koh SB, Atanasov I, Schein S, Wu L, Zhou ZH. Adenovirus DNA: Structure and function of a novel replicon. Mol Cell Biol. Abstract. Rational development of adenovirus vectors for therapeutic gene transfer is hampered by the lack of accurate structural information. Structure, function and dynamics in adenovirus maturation. Spread the love . Grand RJ. 2, * 1. A crucial step in developing novel therapeutics for gene replacement, cancer, and vaccines is often to modify the virion. The influence of adenovirus fiber structure and function on vector development for gene therapy. All E4orf4 functions known to date require an interaction between E4orf4 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is mediated through PP2A regulatory B subunits. In 2010, scientists announced that they had solved the structure of the human adenovirus at the atomic level, making the largest high-resolution model ever. J. Gen. Virol. Three regions of sequence homology have been identified (motif A, B, and C) in DdDp of which two (motifs A and C) are conserved between all known DNA and even RNA polymerases. High-resolution X-ray crystallography of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) head has revealed much information on the organization of this domain [31]. References. @article{osti_1167152, title = {Structure, function and dynamics in adenovirus maturation}, author = {Mangel, Walter F. and San Martín, Carmen}, abstractNote = {Here we review the current knowledge on maturation of adenovirus, a non-enveloped icosahedral eukaryotic virus. Y1 - 2008/3. T1 - Structure and function of the adenovirus origin of replication. structure of a function-blocking monoclonal antibody complexed with adenovirus To gain further insights into the role of α v integrin-mediated Ad entry, structural studies have been performed to identify the sites of integrin interaction on virus particles. Virology 128:140-153(1983) "Molecular processing of adenovirus proteins." Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40 and F41 are a prominent cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in young children worldwide. Readers desiring a more comprehensive coverage of the biology of the virus are directed to the volumes edited by Doerfler and Böhm (2003, 2004). AU - Conn, Graeme. Anderson S. Kaufmann G. DePamphilis M.L. Russell WC. 1985 Aug; 5 (8):1933–1939. … Adenovirus – Structure, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control. PubMed 42. 2. To accomplish their efficient replication, HAdVs take an advantage of viral small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which have multiple roles during the virus lifecycle. J Virol 67: 6605–6617 PubMed Google Scholar. Its structure allows to use adenovirus as a tool in gene therapy. The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) has played a preeminent role in the analysis of transcription initiation in mammalian cells, and is an outstanding example of the ways in which the study of adenovirus has led to fundamental insights into general cellular processes. Adenoviruses: update on structure and function. AU - Wides, Ronald J. Virol., 2005, vol. Next Article Intrabody applications in neurological disorders: progress and future prospects. In excess of 100 serologically particular kinds of adenovirus have been distinguished, including 49 sorts that taint people. ... Immature adenovirus containing the precursor proteins lacks infectivity because of its inability to uncoat. Science. Structural studies continue to play an essential role as the focus of adenovirus research shifts in emphasis from basic biology to adenovirus-based vector technologies. EMBO J. Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene. The structure and functions of the adenovirus early region 1 proteins. RNA primers in SV40 DNA replication: identification of transient RNA-DNA covalent linkages in replicating DNA. Genome Schematic diagram of the linear adenovirus genome, showing Early genes (E) and Late genes (L). Walter F. Mangel . 2010; 329:1038–1043. 2. Mol Cell Biol 12: 5238–5248 PubMed Google Scholar. N2 - Adenovirus VA RNAs are short non-coding transcripts that assist in maintaining viral protein expression in infected cells. The adenovirus E4orf4 protein regulates the progression of viral infection and when expressed outside the context of the virus it induces nonclassical, cancer cell-specific apoptosis. Vieira, J; O'Hearn, P; Kimball, L et al. Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA . 98-110 Article Download PDF View Record in Scopus Google Scholar The immature core is more compact and stable than the mature one, due to the condensing action of unprocessed core polypeptides; shell precursors underpin the vertex region and the … 79 (pg. M, Taira. AU - Challberg, Mark D. AU - Kelly, Thomas J. PY - 1984/5. Kruijer W., Van Schaik F.M., Speijer J.G., Sussenbach J.S. Structure, Function and Dynamics in Adenovirus Maturation . Biochemistry. van der Vliet, J. Zandberg, H.S. Department of Macromolecular Structure and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain * Author to … … AU - CoventryV.K., Veronica K. AU - Conn, Graeme I. PY - 2008/3. The crystal structure of the reovirus attachment protein, σ1, reveals a fibre‐like structure that is remarkably similar to that of the adenovirus attachment protein, fibre. "Structure and function of adenovirus DNA binding protein: comparison of the amino acid sequences of the Ad5 and Ad12 proteins derived from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding genes." K, Nagata. H, Okuwaki. T1 - Analysis of adenovirus VA RNAI structure and stability using compensatory base pair modifications. Here, we report the x-ray structure at 3.5 angstrom resolution of the 150-megadalton adenovirus capsid containing nearly 1 million amino acids. 2009; 90:1–20. Adenovirus cement proteins play crucial roles in virion assembly, disassembly, cell entry, and infection. 1. and Carmen San Martín . Such engineered changes are designed to retarget the virus, or to reduce the immunological responses … The virus is composed of around 1 million amino acid residues and weighs around 150 MDa. In adenovirus serotype 2, 6 of these proteins (pVI, pVII, pVIII, pTP, pllla, and L2 11 kDa) are synthesized as precursors, which are processed late in infection (Cortes-Hinojosa et al., 2015). These enteric HAdVs differ notably in tissue tropism and pathogenicity from respiratory and ocular adenoviruses, but the structural basis for this divergence has been unknown. 3.1.1 Adenovirus Protease AVP (Adenain) Structure and Function. P.C. Structure and Function of Adenovirus Genome Thimmapaya, Bayar / Northwestern University at Chicago Publications. The adenovirus dsDNA genome fills the capsid in complex with a large amount of histone-like viral proteins, forming the core. M, Miyagishi. Maran A, Mathews MB, (1988) Characterization … The particle structure . Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; E-Mail: mangel@bnl.gov . J Virol 75:1378-86 Swaminathan, S; Rajan, P; Savinova, O et al. Two functions encoded by adenovirus early region 1A are responsible for the activation and repression of the DNA-binding protein gene. The adenoviruses are regular microorganisms of people and creatures. In addition, this protein also functions in adenovirus attachment and adenovirus-mediated gene delivery [30]. oviruses and then discuss how the structure and function of vi-ral genes impact the use of the virus as a gene delivery vehi- cle. Search ADS. Chem. Cryo-electron microscopy structure of adenovirus type 2 temperature-sensitive mutant 1 reveals insight into the cell entry defect, ... Adenovirus protein VII functions throughout early phase and interacts with cellular proteins SET and pp32, J. Construction of a complex virus may involve a hierarchy of assembly elements. [Europe PMC free article ] [Google Scholar] Berk AJ, Sharp PA. [Google Scholar] 10. Y1 - 1984/5. [PMC free article] Halbert DN, Cutt JR, Shenk T. Adenovirus early region 4 encodes functions required for efficient DNA replication, late gene expression, and host cell shutoff. 2474-2483) Google Scholar. by Walter F. Mangel 1 and Carmen San Martín 2,* 1. AU - Rawlins, Dan R. AU - Rosenfeld, Philip J. The adenovirus genome is coded with at least 50 proteins. Structure, Function and Dynamics in Adenovirus Maturation . In this case the virus may still be able to enter the cells and deliver the foreign genes into the cell nucleus. (2001) Activation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) lytic replication by human cytomegalovirus. Manche L, Green SR, Schmedt C, Mathews MB (1992) Interactions between double-stranded RNA regulators and the protein kinase DAI. Here we report to our knowledge the first structure of protein VI, which plays multiple roles in the adenovirus life cycle—it functions as a cofactor for the adenovirus protease (AVP) and as a chaperone for nuclear transport, and is essential for virus assembly and endosome lysis (26 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ –30). We describe interactions between the major capsid protein (hexon) and several accessory molecules that stabilize … On the other hand, adenoviruses are notorious pathogens in people with compromised immune functions. Sung M.T., Cao T.M., Lischwe M.A., Coleman R.T. J. Biol. … The Biochemical Journal, 01 Jan 1987, 241 ... Li P, David ET, Mackey EJ, Braithwaite AW, Cutt JR. Control functions of adenovirus transformation region E1A gene products in rat and human cells. Atomic structure of human adenovirus by cryo-EM reveals interactions among protein networks. Structure of Adenovirus DNA Polymerase. Mangel WF(1), San Martín C(2). Haruki. The new findings about the virus, which causes respiratory, eye, and gastrointestinal infections, may lead to more effective gene therapy and to new anti-viral drugs. Selected foreign genes can be substituted for certain adenoviral genes before infection. Adenovirus vector expressing keratinocyte growth factor using CAG promoter impairs pulmonary function of mice with elastase-induced emphysema Hiroshi Oki1, Takuya Yazawa2, Yasuko Baba1, Yumi Kanegae3, Hanako Sato2, Seiko Sakamoto1, Takahisa Goto1, Izumu Saito3 and Kiyoyasu Kurahashi1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 2Department of Pathology, Yokohama City … JanszEvidence for a function of the adenovirus DNA-binding protein in initiation as well as in elongation of nascent DNA chains Virology, 80 (1977), pp. Previous Article Report from the 2nd Stem Cell Clonality and Genotoxicity Retreat. Based on a refined crystal structure of the adenovirus virion at 3.8-Å resolution, we have determined the structures of all of the cement proteins (IIIa, VI, VIII, and IX) and their organization in two distinct layers. 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